Forging and riveting furnace.



No. 887,182. v PATENTED MAY 12, 1908.

W. N. BEST.

FORGING AND RIVETING FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1904.

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UNITED SAES PATENT @FFIQE.

WILLIAM N. BEST, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO JOHN H. BEST AND EZRA BEST, OF QUINCY, ILLINOIS.

FORGING AND RIVETING- FURNACE.

Specification of'Letters Patent.

Patented May 12, 1908.

Application filed. September 29, 1904. Serial No. 226,524.

. vide a furnace for forging and riveting which will be of great efficiency in operation, producing substantially perfect combustion and directing an intense heat downwardly upon the articles or substances to be heated, with' out excessive or destructive heating of the furnace walls and arch to dispense with the use of asmoke stack; to reduce to the minimum the necessity for any vent from the furnace; to prevent wasting the heat through such vent; to provide a furnace wherein the combustion and consequent liberation from the fuel of its heat units, will be complete before the blast of heat reaches the article or material to be heated, whereby such article or material may be heated without destructive chemical changes or burning to transform the fuel into radiant heat and to apply such heat in a manner most effective to heat the material which is to be heated, with a minimum loss of heat through the furnace walls, arch or vents.

In forging and riveting furnaces as generally constructed the blast impinges on the article to be heated before combustion is complete, being yet in the form of flame, with the result that; in the first place, the process of combustion is interfered with, part of the gases passing off as unconsumed monoxid, as smoke, and in the second place, thorough and intense heating of the article is thus interfered with by the difference of temperatures at the different parts thereof and by the resence of unconsumed pro ducts, particular y of carbon-monoxid, and third, a liability of more or less destructive action of blast of burning gases impinging on the article or articles to be heated.

In thisinvention a combustion chamber is provided wherein combustion is practically completed and a blast of radiant heat is caused to pass from the portion of said chamber where the combustion has been completed, over and onto the article or substance to be heated by a whirling or reverberatory action, the blast being doubled back, up and forward upon itself and oxygen being introduced approximately at the horizontal plane which may be considered as separating the induction portion of the combustion chamber, and the heating chamber or eddy zone in which the combustion chamber terminates.

An object of the invention is to cause the heat to penetrate the article or substance to be heated and to avoid any draft through the furnace which would tend to carry off the heat. The furnace in its preferred form is constructed to cause a whirl of heat in the heating chamber or charging zone of the combust-ion chamber between that portion of the combustion chamber through which the fluid fuel and consuming gases pass directly from the burner by which the fuel is injected into the furnace, and the charging zone or heating chamber. Said chamber extends preferably at right angles to the axis of the induction portion of the combustion chamber and the vents thereof may be at the ends thereof so that the vent of the pressure, if any, may be along a path at right angles to that of the path of the blast of fuel.

An object of the invention is to construct a furnace for use with fuel blast whereby all liability of back-pressure of the blast will be avoided and at the same time the blast is held under the pressure necessary for inducing the complete combustion for which the furnace is designed.

The invention is capable of embodiment in various constructions and in the accompanying drawings I shall show the same in the form which I at the time of filing this application deem the best.

The invention embraces a portable furnace comprising a unitary structure, the base of which is provided with an oil tank and the upper portion consists in the furnace body suitable connections for conducting the fuel to the furnace from the tank being provided.

The invention is particularly designed for application in connection with hydro-carbon burners especially those of the type shown in prior patent No. 708453 granted to me Sept. 2, 1902, where the hydro-carbon is drawn by the action of a steam or air jet from the open-to ped oil outlet and is thereby atomized anc carried forward into the combustion chamber.

' duction The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:

Figure 1 is a plan. Fig. 2 is a partial front elevation. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line X V in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a side elevation, Fig. 5 is a detailed vertical section on line X in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a sectional view partly in elevation of a different form of my invention showing a furnace in connection I vith an oil tank which forms a support there- 1 designates a base which in Figs. 1 to 4 is shown as built of masonry but may be otherwise constructed as hereinafter described.

2 designates a furnace body which is su orted on said base and which is preferably formed of masonry, the parts which are subject to heat being constructed of firebrick; said furnace has a heating chamber 3 extending there-through from end to end.

The furnace body 1 is provided with a lateral extension 4 in which is formed the induction passage of the combustion chamber in the form of a horizontally-flaring tunnel 5, opening at one end from the outer air and terminating at the other end in the charging zone or heating chamber 3. The floor or bottom 51 of the passage 5 is preferably above the level of the bottom of the heating chamber or eddy zone 3, the length of which is greater than the width of the passage 5 in its horizontal dimensions. The induction passage 5 flares toward the heating chamber and its floor terminates at a vertical cross wall 31 which forms a deflector for turning the blast of heat upward towards the inflowing blast of flame and heat which proceeds from the induction portion 5 of the combustion chamber and which is recoiled by a deflection arch 32 above the eddy zone and against which the blast of heat from the inortion 5 impinges and which directs saic blast downward at the forward end of the combustion chamber into the eddy zone, where it is deflected by the floor of the heating chamber or by the articles or substances therein which are to be heated.

Both the furnace body and the extensions thereof are desirably provided with removablecover or arch bricks. The arch bricks for the extension 4 may be formed as slabs 6 having arch-shaped surfaces 7 on their under sides, said openings being progressively increased in size toward the inner end so that when the slabs 6 are placed side by side they will form a flaring passage leading from the air inlet 8 to the heating chamber or charging zone 3. The meeting or contacting faces 9 of said slabs 6 are desirably inclined as shown, so as to give a lock joint and enable each slab to rest against the adjacent slab .and form a tight junction.

10 designates piers at each side of the inner end of passage 5 which may be made of masonry or formed as single slabs of fire-brick.

The top of the heating chamber may be formed of separable slabs 11 resting at one end on a side wall 12 of the furnace and at the other end resting on the piers 10, and resting by their inclined ends 13 on the correspondingly inclined faces 9 of the innermost arch slab 6. The arch slabs 11 are also desirably inclined at their contacting faces 14, as shown in Fig. 5, so as to give a close joint.

It will be seen that the slabs or arch sec tions 6 and 11 constitute two series of arch sections arranged transversely to one another, the series of sections 11 having inclined ends to rest on and conform to the inclined faces of one of the sections 6 of the other series.

The lateral extension 4 of the furnace may be supported from the furnace body and from the base 1 by iron work or metal conor blast of air under pressure, said blast being directed inwardly along the air inlet pass sage below the path of the flame from the burner 17.

20 designates a refractory floor at the bottom of the heating chamber and--21 designates a slag hole. The ends of the heating chamber may be closed by means of doors 23 resting on ledges 24 at each end of the furnace.

25 designates a pipe connected to any suit able source of air supply and extending in front of each of the doors or openings at each end of the chamber 3, said pipe having apertures or perforations 26 through which air is forced upwardly in front of the furnace 0 enings to screen or protect the workmen rom the heat from the interior of the furnace when the door is opened or removed.

The passage 5 is narrower than the length i of the combustion chamber at the end of said passage communicating with said chamher, but owing to' the passage flaring in width toward the end which communicates with the combustion chamber the whirl formed after the blast enters the chamber, tends to expand toward, and circulate through, the entire space inclosed by the end portions of said chamber. This will be readily understood from an inspection of the passage and chamber as shown in dotted ines in Fig. 1. It is evident that the portion of the blast entering the combustion chamber near one of the flaring walls of the assage 5 will, according to the law of deection, be deflected still nearer the end of the combustion chamber after it strikes the wall thereof opposite the passage 5, thereby forming .a whirl, the lateral expansion of Which is gr t y ugm n d by eason of the inward flare of passage 5 causing a large portion of the incoming current to strike the rear wall of the furnace at an angle considerably less than 90. Hence, it will be seen that, in a furnace constructed according to the principles of this invention, an inlet passage having less cross-sectional area than the combustion chamber, may be used for causing a thorough circulation of the blast in the combustion chamber. Were it not for the flare of the inlet passage said passage would have to be made of greater cross-sectional area to secure a proper circulation in the combustion chamber, and such a construction would cause an undesirable weakening of the blast.

The furnace is used as follows :The obj ect to be heated is placed within the heating chamber on the floor 20 thereof, and the burner 17 and air blast 18 are set in action, thereby causing the flame to pass inwardly along the induction portion 5 of the combustion chamber, the length of which portion issufhcient to enable combustion to be substantially complete by the time the gases reach the heating chamber. The air blast conduces to this end by supplying the necessary oxygen and mixing the same thoroughly with hydro-carbon. On reaching the heating chamber the gases are deflected downwardly over and around the object to be heated thereby raising the same to an intense and uniform heat. The combustion is so perfect that there is no smoke and the volume of the combustion products is reduced to a minimum. It is found in practice that the best results are obtained by closing the doors, as shown, a high uniform heat being thereby obtained and maintained, the products of combustion passing out at the edges of the doors.

In constructing the furnace with a view to portability it will be necessary to make the base 1 of such construction that it will form a frame or support for the furnace so that the latter can be moved from place to place. This is effected by forming the base of metal. Such a construction is shown in Fig. 6, wherein the metallic base 28 supports the furnace body 2 and also by means of the braces 16 extending therefrom supports the lateral extension 4. In some cases it is desirable to utilize this base as a reservoir or tank for holding oil to supply the furnace, the base being in that case formed. as a receptacle or vessel as shown in Fig. 6, having a pipe 29 leading therefrom to the burner 17 and a pipe 30 leading from the air supply pipe 18 to the top of the tank so as to furnish pressure therein to force the oil to the burner.

The combined base and tank 28 may be provided with eye-bolts or loops 31 to enable it to be lifted together with the furnace.

This construction is especially adapted for riveting.

The construction of the furnace as above described may be variously modified without departing from my invention. For example, the invention is not restricted to any particular direction of the lateral extension; that is to say, it may extend substantially horizontal from the upper part of the furnace chamber and in any direction therefrom.

The induction portion 5 of the combustion chamber increases in width forwardly in proportion. to the length of the charging zone of the furnace in such proportion that if the plane of the side walls 52 of the induction passage were extended they would meet the deflecting forward wall or arch 32 a short distance from the ends thereof, thus causing all of the blast to impinge against the forward wall of the combustion chamber to be thereby deflected downwardly as hereinbefore described. The induction passage at the cross wall 31 is of greater width than depth in order to give a more perfect radiation of heat through the entire length'of the charging space of the furnace.

The blast of fuel which passes in its di rected course through the induction passage 5 of the combustion chamber is supplied with the necessary oxygen for combustion by the air blast which is forced parallel therewith, thereby causing an even distribution of oxygen under the consuming gases. The monoxid portion of said gases is immediately under and next to the arch of the combustion chamber and the deflecting arch 32, thereby protecting said arches from the excessive heat.

My patented hydro-carbon burner, hereinbefore referred to, is capable of making a fanshaped blaze, which will spread the entire width of the induction portion 5 of the combustion chamber.

What I claim is A furnace comprising an elongated heating chamber, a horizontally-flaring tunnel opening into said heating chamber, doors provided at the end of said heating chamber and a vertical cross-wall at the end of the tunnel, said heating chamber being provided with a deflecting arch opposite the mouth of the tunnel, and the wall of the heating chamber on the opposite side from said arch being closed except at said tunnel, and a burner to discharge into the outer end of the tunnel.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles, California, this 17th day of September 1904.

\VILLIAM N. BEST.

In presence of A. P. KNIGHT,

JULIA TOWNSEND. 

